M

Multilevel Marketing (MLM), also known as network marketing, is a direct selling business model where independent distributors earn income from two primary sour

Month Till Date (MTD) refers to the period starting from the first day of the current calendar month up to and including the current date. It is a vital financi

The macro environment refers to the broad economic conditions and external factors that influence an economy as a whole, rather than individual sectors or regio

Magic formula investing is a disciplined, rules-based stock selection strategy developed by investor and author Joel Greenblatt that identifies undervalued comp

Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR) is a technology used primarily by banks for the processing and reading of cheques through special magnetic ink that ca

A magnetic stripe card is a plastic card that stores data on a band of magnetic material, typically a dark stripe, laminated on its back. This "magstripe" conta

Maintenance expenses are the recurring costs incurred to keep an asset, property, or equipment in good working condition and extend its useful life. These are t

Maintenance margin is the minimum amount of equity that investors must maintain in their margin accounts after purchasing securities. This requirement ensures t

A managed account is an investment account owned by an individual or institutional investor but supervised and actively managed by a professional money manager.

Managerial accounting is the process of preparing and presenting financial information to company management for use in decision-making, planning, and performan

A manifestation trigger is a term used in insurance to signify the point at which coverage under a policy is activated due to identified personal injury or prop

Margin, in the context of securities trading, refers to the money borrowed from a brokerage firm to purchase financial instruments, where the investor only pays

Margin debt refers to the money borrowed by investors from a brokerage firm to purchase financial securities through a margin account. This enables investors to

The Marginal Cost Of Funds (MCoF) represents the additional cost a financial institution incurs to raise one more unit of new funding. It is a crucial metric fo

Marginal land is land with minimal economic value for agriculture or industrial purposes due to poor soil quality, unfavorable climate, or other physical constr

The marginal rate of technical substitution (MRTS) measures how much one input (like capital) can be reduced while increasing another input (like labor) to main

The Marginal Standing Facility (MSF) is an emergency overnight borrowing scheme for commercial banks in India, introduced by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) in

Mark to Market (MTM) is an accounting method that values an asset or liability on a balance sheet at its current market price rather than its historical cost. M

A markdown refers to the difference between the highest bid price for a security available in the market and the lower price that a dealer charges a customer. T

A market is a fundamental platform or mechanism where buyers and sellers interact to exchange goods, services, or financial instruments. These interactions are

Market arbitrage is the simultaneous purchase and sale of the same security in different markets to exploit price discrepancies and lock in a riskless profit. A

Market depth refers to the market's ability to sustain large buy or sell orders for a security without significantly impacting its price. It is determined by th

Market failure occurs when the free market's allocation of goods and services is inefficient, leading to a suboptimal outcome from a societal perspective. This

A market index is a statistical measure that tracks the performance of a selected group of stocks representing a particular market segment, sector, or the entir

A market maker is an individual or entity that provides liquidity in financial markets by facilitating the buying and selling of securities. They quote both buy

Market penetration is a key business metric and growth strategy that measures the extent to which a product or service is adopted by its target market. It quant

Market power is the ability of a firm to influence the price of a product or service by controlling supply, demand, or both, rather than accepting the price set

Market research is the systematic process of gathering, analyzing, and interpreting information about a specific market, including insights into consumer prefer

Market risk refers to the possibility of an investor or financial institution incurring losses due to factors that affect the overall performance of the financi

The market risk premium is the additional return an investor expects to earn by investing in equity markets instead of risk-free securities. It is calculated as

Market segmentation is the process of dividing a broader market into smaller, distinct groups of consumers who share similar characteristics and needs. This app

Market share represents the percentage of total sales or revenue within a specific market that a particular company or product achieves over a defined period. I

Market value is the price at which an asset would sell in an open market today, determined by supply and demand rather than accounting or historical cost. For a

Marketable securities are financial instruments that can be quickly converted into cash or sold in the market, usually within a year. These securities are utili

Marketing encompasses a wide range of activities undertaken by businesses to create, communicate, deliver, and exchange offerings that have value for customers,

Marketing essentials are the core strategies, tactics, and tools that a business uses to promote its products or services, attract customers, and build brand aw

The marketing mix is a strategic framework that encompasses various actions and tactics employed by a company to promote its brand and products effectively. Tra

A marketing plan is a detailed operational document that outlines the specific marketing activities, campaigns, and tactics an organization will undertake to ac

A market is a platform or mechanism where buyers and sellers interact to exchange goods, services, securities, currencies, or information. In banking and financ

A markup is the difference between the price a broker-dealer pays for a security and the price at which it sells that security to a client. This pricing mechani

Marxism is a comprehensive social, political, and economic theory developed primarily by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, which analyzes the historical developme

Mass production is the high-volume manufacture of standardised products using automated machinery, assembly lines, and streamlined workflows to achieve efficien

The MasterCard card refers to a payment card that utilizes the MasterCard payment network for processing transactions. These cards can be credit, debit, or prep

Mathematical economics is an approach to economic analysis that uses mathematical methods to formulate economic theories and models. It applies mathematical too

The McGinley Dynamic Indicator is a technical analysis tool designed to provide a more accurate reflection of price movements by adjusting to changes in market

Mean is the arithmetic average of a set of numbers, calculated by summing all values and dividing by the total count. In financial analysis, mean is used to eva

Mercantilism is an economic theory and practice, dominant from the 16th to 18th centuries, that advocates for government regulation of a nation's economy to max

Merchandising is the practice of strategically promoting and selling goods and services through retail channels by controlling product display, pricing, invento

Merchant banking refers to specialized financial services provided by merchant banks to large corporations and high-net-worth individuals (HNWIs). These service

Merchant Category Codes (MCCs) are four-digit numbers used by payment card networks to classify businesses based on the primary type of goods or services they p

A merchant discount rate (MDR) is the percentage fee that a merchant pays to a card network and acquiring bank each time a customer uses a debit or credit card

A merger is a strategic transaction in which two companies combine to form a single new entity, typically aiming to enhance market presence, operational efficie

Mergers & Acquisitions (M&A) refers to the consolidation of companies or their assets through various financial transactions, encompassing both mergers and acqu

Metrics are numerical measurements that track, assess, and compare performance across banking, finance, and business operations. Banks and financial institution

Mezzanine financing is a hybrid financing method that combines elements of debt and equity. It allows lenders the option to convert their debt into equity share

Micro savings refers to financial products, typically small deposit accounts, designed to enable individuals and families with low and irregular incomes to save

A microenterprise is a very small business employing fewer than ten people and typically operated by a single entrepreneur or a small household unit. These busi

A mid-cap fund is a type of mutual fund that specifically invests in mid-cap companies, which are defined as businesses with a market capitalisation between ₹5,

Minimum spend, also known as minimum spending requirement, is the lowest amount of money a credit card holder must spend on their card within a specified timefr

Minimum Support Price (MSP) is the price at which the Government of India guarantees to purchase agricultural produce directly from farmers, protecting them fro

A Minimum Viable Product (MVP) is the basic version of a new product that is released to early users with just enough features to validate the product's value.

The Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD) is a key central government ministry in India tasked with the formulation, implementation, and monitoring of programs a

A minority interest is an ownership stake of less than 50% in a subsidiary or investee company held by parties other than the parent or controlling entity. The

The Misery Index is an economic indicator that reflects the level of economic distress experienced by the average citizen in a country. It is calculated by simp

A missent item is a cheque that is sent to an incorrect bank or branch due to clerical error, postal delay, or operational mishandling, preventing it from reach

A mixed economic system blends elements of capitalism and socialism to create an economic framework. It allows for private ownership and economic freedom while

MoM, or Minutes of Meeting, refers to the formal documentation that summarizes the key points discussed in a meeting. It captures essential information such as

Mobile banking is a financial service that allows customers to conduct banking transactions using a mobile device—smartphone or feature phone—without visiting a

Mobile Money Identifier (MMID) is a unique 7-digit number allocated by banks for mobile banking services. It helps facilitate secure and efficient money transfe

Mobile trading refers to the act of buying and selling financial instruments, such as stocks, mutual funds, derivatives, and commodities, directly from a smartp

Modus operandi (often shortened to M.O.) is the characteristic method or pattern of behaviour that an individual, organisation, or criminal group consistently f

Monero is a decentralized, open-source cryptocurrency explicitly designed for enhanced privacy and anonymity, making all transactions untraceable by default. Un

Monetary policy is the set of tools and actions used by a central bank to regulate money supply, interest rates, and credit availability to achieve economic obj

Money laundering is the process of disguising the origins of illegally obtained money, making it appear as though it comes from legitimate sources. This practic

Money management is the comprehensive process of planning, organising, directing, and controlling an individual's or entity's financial resources to achieve spe

The money market is a segment of the financial system where financial institutions, governments, and corporations borrow and lend money for short periods—typica

Monopolistic competition refers to a market structure in which many firms offer products or services that are similar but differentiated from one another. In th

A monopoly is a market structure where a single firm or entity is the sole producer and seller of a particular product or service, giving it complete control ov

A monopsony is a market structure in which a single buyer dominates the purchase of goods or services, giving that buyer (called the monopsonist) disproportiona

Moral hazard is a situation where one party in a contract or agreement takes on excessive risks because they are insulated from the full consequences of their a

Moral suasion is a monetary policy tool through which a central bank persuades banks and financial institutions to act in ways that support broader economic obj

A moratorium is a temporary suspension of certain obligations, usually in financial agreements, to alleviate the burden on individuals or businesses during a cr

The Morning Star Pattern is a bullish reversal candlestick pattern observed in financial markets, signalling a potential shift from a downtrend to an uptrend. I

A moving average is a technical analysis tool that calculates the average price of a security over a specified number of periods, updating continuously as new p

Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD) is a popular trading indicator used to assess the momentum of a security's price movement. It provides insights by

Muhurat trading is a special one-hour trading window opened by Indian stock exchanges on Diwali evening to allow investors and traders to execute trades during

A Multinational Corporation (MNC) is a business enterprise that operates and conducts significant activities in more than one country, beyond its country of ori

A Multiple Listing Service (MLS) is a comprehensive database created and maintained by real estate brokers to facilitate the sharing of property listings. This

Multiple managers refer to an investment strategy where a single investment fund or portfolio has its assets managed by several distinct, independent fund manag

The multiples approach is a valuation method that determines the worth of a company by comparing it to similar companies in the same industry using standardised

Mutual funds are investment vehicles that pool money from multiple investors to create a diversified portfolio of stocks, bonds, or other securities. They enabl

Macroeconomics is a branch of economics that studies the overall performance, structure, behavior, and decision-making of an economy as a whole. It focuses on a

A margin call is a demand from a broker requiring an investor to deposit additional funds or securities into a margin account because the account value has fall

Management by Objectives (MBO) is a performance management framework in which an organisation aligns employee goals with overall business objectives, and progre

The Multi Commodity Exchange (MCX) is India's first listed commodity derivatives exchange, providing an online platform for trading in commodity futures and opt

Median is a statistical measure that represents the middle value of a data set, which separates the higher half from the lower half. In a sorted list of numbers

MIS stands for Marketing Information System. It refers to a structured framework that collects, analyzes, and disseminates marketing data to aid in decision-mak

Monte Carlo simulation is a statistical technique that utilizes random sampling to estimate complex mathematical or financial outcomes. By running simulations t

Multibagger stocks refer to equities that provide returns exceeding 100% on an investor's initial investment. The term highlights stocks with the potential to a

Multiple linear regression is a statistical technique that predicts the value of a single dependent variable based on two or more independent variables by fitti